African Spurred Tortoise
(Centrochelys sulcata)
The sulcata tortoise, also known as the African spurred tortoise, is the third-largest tortoise species in the world and the largest found on the African mainland. Native to the southern edge of the Sahara Desert, these impressive reptiles are built for survival in some of the harshest environments on earth. They have thick, sturdy shells and strong, scaly legs designed for digging deep burrows to escape extreme heat. Sulcatas are herbivores, primarily eating grasses and other high-fiber plants, and can live for more than 100 years. Known for their strength and resilience, sulcata tortoises are a beautiful reminder of God’s intricate design in creation.
“The works of the Lord are great, studied by all who have pleasure in them.”
~Psalm 111:2
IUCN Status: Vulnerable (VU)
Range: Southern edge of the Sahara Desert, across countries like Chad, Sudan, Ethiopia, Mali, Mauritania, and Senegal.
Habitat: Arid regions, savannas, and dry grasslands; prefers areas with sandy soil where it can dig burrows to escape the heat.
Lifespan: 50–150 years (often over 70 years in captivity)
Size: Males: 24–36 inches (60–90 cm) in length; can weigh between 80–110 pounds (36–50 kg), sometimes more.
Diet: Primarily grasses, weeds, and other high-fiber plants; occasional succulents; they require a very high-fiber, low-protein diet.
Clutch Size: 15–30 eggs per clutch (can vary)
Incubation: Typically 90–120 days depending on temperature and humidity.
Built for Burrowing
The sulcata tortoise is an exceptional digger, using its powerful front legs and sharp claws to create deep burrows in the ground. In their native arid environments, where temperatures can be extreme, digging is a survival skill that allows them to escape the intense heat and conserve moisture. These burrows can be quite extensive, sometimes stretching 10 feet deep and over 30 feet long. Inside the cool, humid tunnels, sulcatas find refuge from the harsh desert sun and predators. Their natural instinct to dig is incredibly strong, and even in captivity, sulcatas will often attempt to burrow if given the opportunity. This remarkable ability reflects their amazing design for thriving in some of the world’s toughest conditions.
Gular Horn
The gular horn is a thick, pointed projection located on the underside of a sulcata tortoise’s shell, right at the front of the plastron (the bottom part of the shell). It is especially prominent in males and is used during territorial battles and mating competitions. Males will use their gular horn to ram and flip rival males in displays of dominance. This behavior helps establish breeding rights and territory among sulcata tortoises. The horn’s strength and size can vary, but it plays a crucial role in the social behavior of these powerful tortoises, showcasing both their toughness and their natural instincts for survival in the harsh environments they call home.
